Scientific Publications

Optimizing Micro-Hub Site Selection: A Data-Based Framework for Sustainable Urban Freight

Presented at: World Conference on Transport Research (WCTR 2026)

The rapid growth of e-commerce has intensified pressure on cities to manage last-mile deliveries efficiently while minimizing congestion and environmental impacts. Micro-hubs—small, decentralized logistics facilities located within urban areas—are increasingly recognized as a key solution to improve delivery efficiency, reduce vehicle kilometers, and support more sustainable freight transport. However, selecting suitable locations for micro-hubs remains a major challenge for cities, as it requires balancing logistical performance with urban planning objectives. This paper presents a data-driven framework to support cities in identifying potential micro-hub locations. The framework is based on key performance indicators (KPIs), including proximity to motorways and main roads, short distances to residential and commercial areas, and accessibility for freight operators. To operationalize these criteria, we leverage floating vehicle data as a proxy for traffic flows and accessibility, enabling the identification of candidate sites with high logistical potential. The proposed approach bridges the gap between urban data and practical decision-making, offering city authorities and logistics stakeholders a replicable method to guide micro-hub planning. Case study results in Braga, Portugal, demonstrate how floating vehicle data can reveal location patterns that align with both delivery demand and urban sustainability goals.