| The collaborative solutions for ULaaDS Trials are facilitated by the multi-stakeholder approach implemented in ULaaDS's beacon cities, namely Bremen, Groningen, and Mechelen. This approach entails the collaborative development of solutions and the establishment of stakeholder alignment through open communication. The method delineates preoperational measures, the defining of the ecosystem, and the responsibilities of stakeholders that are essential for the successful execution of trials. The process involves the utilization of stakeholder mapping, local fora, the collective target system, and questionnaires. Regional forums, conducted three times in each city, have a crucial function in engaging stakeholders. The initial forum establishes trial parameters according to requirements, subsequently assessing objectives through a collaborative target system. A transitional forum evaluates trials, whereas the ultimate forum identifies insights and future possibilities. |
 Figure: General proposed format of the first local fora for the lighthouse cities in ULaaDS (Recommendations to integrate ULaaDS in SUMP and SULP) |
| Practical modifications are acknowledged as important for achieving appropriate trial preparation, considering variations in urban environments and engagement goals. The effectiveness of the engagement process depends on finding a middle ground between the expectations of stakeholders, the limitations of time, and the desire to put in effort. The practical application frequently challenges the boundaries of the overall suggested stakeholder ratio. The proposed ratio functions as a benchmark rather than a strict standard, taking into account the different participation levels and varying stakeholder interests. As a result, this approach acknowledges the practical complexities of implementation, collaborative development, and stakeholder alignment through transparent communication, focusing on defining preparatory actions, ecosystem delineation, and stakeholder responsibilities essential for successful trial execution. |
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