EMS (European Modular Systems) or HCV (High-Capacity Vehicles) play an important role achieving the goals of the AEROFLEX project. The philosophy of the AEROFLEX project is that optimised aerodynamics, distributed powertrains, and adaptable loading units enable the EMS pulling units to be relatively simple, cheap and fuel efficient. In this way, transport efficiency could benefit most and the best cost-benefit ratio could be reached. In the project both EMS1 (25.25 m) and EMS2 (32 m) vehicle configurations are tested and evaluated. Reference vehicles are tested and evaluated and the AEROFLEX EMS1 and EMS2 demonstrator vehicles incorporating the AEROFLEX innovations have been subjected to various on-road tests.